End of Empire

The Fall of Singapore

A Four Square Productions - Crest Communications Production

This film tells the harrowing story of the Japanese occupation of Singapore from 1941-45. Archival film as well as fascinating interviews with two historians, Professors A. Jayathurai and Brian Farrell relate the tragedy of this important theater of war. But it is the story of Alexander Cockburn a young Scotsman who had recently signed on for a four-year stint as a pharmacist in the bustling colonial city that gives the dramatic history a personal dimension. Instead of enjoying a brilliant career in Singapore, Cockburn witnessed its swift and violent end, as well as the symbolic end of the British Empire.

In the 1930s it was widely believed that Singapore was an impregnable fortress. When the well-trained and equipped Japanese invaded Northern Malaya in 1941, shortly after Pearl Harbor, they easily defeated the under-prepared Indian, New Zealand and Australian troops who had joined the British there. When British officials realized Singapore would fall, they evacuated the colonials, leaving the Chinese, Indian and Malay populations to fend for themselves. Throughout this, Cockburn worked as a medical volunteer, cleaning up the bodies left from Japanese bombing. Two British battleships were sunk with nine hundred British sailors lost and the British surrendered after six weeks.

Under the Japanese occupation, one hundred thousand prisoners of war were arrested and imprisoned or executed in six weeks. Cockburn was taken prisoner by the Japanese and spent four years in horrendous conditions, with almost no food or medicine available. He used his experience as a pharmacist to help his fellow inmates as much as he could. It is estimated that twenty to thirty thousand people perished in captivity. As Prof. Jayathurai says, "Churchill gave up Malaya for the defense of Europe. This was the end of the British Empire; everything after that was borrowed time."

45 min. Video or DVD. Sale $295 Video rental $75.

"Highly recommended…A rich source of information about Singapore and enables the viewers to look at World War II and British colonialism from a Singaporean point of view…for high school, college and academic libraries." Geetha Yapa , Science Library, University of California, EMRO